India’s antibiotics consumption shot up by 103% since 2000: study - Pragnya IAS Academy - News Analysis

India’s antibiotics consumption shot up by 103% since 2000: study.

India had the largest increase in antibiotic consumption in low and middle income countries and also surpassed America’s antibiotic consumption rate for oxazolidinones, a last resort class.

India’s antibiotics consumption has increased by 103 per cent from 2000 to 2015, the highest in low and middle-income countries, according to a new study. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study tracked antibiotic consumption in 76 countries and also projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030.
In fact, increase in global consumption of antibiotics (65 per cent), the cause of growing antibiotic resistance, was led by consumption surge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The average amount of antibiotics consumed by 1,000 inhabitants in India every day also increased 63 per cent between 2000 and 2015.
Compared to this, antibiotic consumption increased by 65 per cent and the consumption rate per 1,000 inhabitants increased 39 per cent globally.
Down To Earth’s coverage has shown how the increase in antibiotics consumption is worrying as antibiotics unnecessarily expose us to side effects. And each time we use antibiotics, few superbugs, including bacteria, which are able to survive antibiotics, begin to thrive. Over time, the entire population of bacteria is made up only of these superbugs and our antibiotics no longer work.

China and Pakistan were the leading LMIC consuming antibiotics, witnessing a rise of 79 per cent and 65 per cent, respectively.
The antibiotic consumption rate of broad-spectrum penicillins, the most commonly consumed class of antibiotics, increased 36 per cent between 2000 and 2015 globally. The greatest increase was in LMICs (56 per cent). In fact, India surpassed the United States' antibiotic consumption rate for oxazolidinones in 2012 to become the highest consumer, says the study. Oxazolidinones are newer and last-resort antibiotics.


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India’s antibiotics consumption shot up by 103% since 2000: study.

64% of antibiotics sold in India unapproved: UK study -Pragnya IAS Academy -News Analysis

64% of antibiotics sold in India unapproved: UK study

HIGHLIGHTS
• Multinational cos continue to produce and sell unregulated antibiotics in India, worsening the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the country, a UK study said.
• The report said millions of antibiotic pills in the Indian market have not been regulated in India, the UK or US.
Multinational companies continue to produce and sell unregulated antibiotics in India, worsening the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the country and impeding efforts to fight drug resistance globally, a UK study said.
The report, to be made public on Monday by researchers at Queen Mary University of London and Newcastle University, said millions of antibiotic pills in the Indian market have not been regulated in India, the UK or US. The research was published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.
It found that of 118 different formulations of fixed dose combination (FDC) antibiotics being sold in India between 2007 and 2012, 64% were not approved by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), even though sale or supply of unapproved new medicines in India is illegal.
Many of the unapproved FDCs combined poorly chosen antimicrobials likely to exacerbate resistance problems. The FDC antibiotics were sold under more than 3,300 brand names made by almost 500 pharmaceutical manufacturers, of which 12 were multinationals.
The report stated that Abbott, Astra Zeneca, Baxter, Bayer, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmith-Kline, Merck/MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, and Wyeth, manufactured 45% (53) of the 188 FDCs under 148 brand names.
Of these, 62% (33) were CDSCO-approved and just 8% (four) had been approved in the US or UK. Of the 38% (20) of FDC formulations manufactured by multinational companies which had no record of CDSCO approval, 90% (18) were manufactured by Abbott, it said. By 2011-12, FDCs made up a third of total antibiotic sales in India, with 34.5% of FDCs being unapproved formulations. (Source: The Times of India)


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64% of antibiotics sold in India unapproved: UK study